准备

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev  # OpenGL 库
sudo apt-get intsall libglm-dev
sudo apt-get install libxrandr-dev libxinerama-dev libxcursor-dev libxi-dev

GLFW

下载编译源码

cd ~/Codes
git clone https://github.com/glfw/glfw.git
# git@gitee.com:pyq19/glfw.git
mkdir -p ~/Codes/glfw/glfw-build
cd ~/Codes/glfw/glfw-build
cmake ~/Codes/glfw
sudo make install

运行 example

./examples/wave

GLAD

GLAD 是第三方的 OpenGL 开源库，需要到 https://glad.dav1d.de/ 生成 include 头文件.

选好 C++ OpenGL 版本，生成压缩包并下载.

cd ~/Downloads
unzip glad.zip
sudo cp -r glad /usr/include
sudo cp -r KHR /usr/include

src/glad.c 要保留.

第一个测试程序

新建目录

mkdir -p ~/Codes/glfw-test-application
cd ~/Codes/glfw-test-application
cp ~/Downloads/glad/src/glad.c . # 把 glad.c 复制到当前目录

新建 main.cpp

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    //glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
    GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
    if (window == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    glViewport(0, 0, 800, 600);
    glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

新建 CMakeLists.txt

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 3.16)
PROJECT(test)

FIND_PACKAGE(glfw3 REQUIRED)
FIND_PACKAGE(OpenGL REQUIRED)

SET(SOURCE_FILES main.cpp glad.c)

ADD_EXECUTABLE(test ${SOURCE_FILES})
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(test glfw)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(test OpenGL::GL)

编译运行，即可看到暗绿色的窗口.

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
./test

GLEW

GLEW 是 OpenGL 的扩展工具集，很多教程用的是 GLFW + GLEW 而不是 GLFW + GLAD

sudo apt-get install libglew-dev

另一个测试程序

准备

mkdir -p ~/Codes/test-opengl #新建项目目录
cd ~/Codes/test-opengl
touch main.cpp
touch CMakeLists.txt

在 main.cpp 中输入以下代码(来源《Computer Graphics Programming in OpenGL with C++ by V. Scott Gordon》程序 2-1)

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void init(GLFWwindow *window) {}

void display(GLFWwindow *window, double currentTime)
{
    glClearColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
}

int main(void)
{
    if (!glfwInit())
    {
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(600, 600, "hello world", NULL, NULL);
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
    {
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    glfwSwapInterval(1);
    init(window);
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        display(window, glfwGetTime());
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }
    glfwDestroyWindow(window);
    glfwTerminate();
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

在 CMakeLists.txt 中输入

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 3.16)
PROJECT(test)

FIND_PACKAGE(GLEW REQUIRED)
FIND_PACKAGE(glfw3 REQUIRED)
FIND_PACKAGE(OpenGL REQUIRED)

SET(SOURCE_FILES main.cpp)
ADD_EXECUTABLE(test ${SOURCE_FILES})

TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(test GLEW::GLEW)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(test glfw)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(test OpenGL::GL)

编译运行

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
./test

即可以看到一个红色的窗口.

参考资料